Understanding rheumatoid arthritis

Unlike the wear-and-tear damage of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints. When it occurs in the fingers and hands, it's known as rheumatoid arthritis of the hands. RA is characterised by the immune system mistakenly attacking the synovium, the lining of the tissue that surrounds the joints. This leads to inflammation, pain, and joint damage and, if left untreated, can cause deformities in the fingers and hands. 

Causes of rheumatoid arthritis of the hand 

The exact cause of RA is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Certain genes are associated with a higher risk of developing RA, and environmental triggers such as infections may play a role. 

Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis of the hand 

The symptoms of RA in the fingers and hands can vary, but common signs include: 

Pain and stiffness: Persistent pain, stiffness, and swelling in the finger joints, often more pronounced in the morning or after periods of inactivity. 

Warmth and redness: Affected joints may feel warm to the touch and appear red and swollen. 

Decreased range of motion: Difficulty moving the fingers and hands freely. 

Joint deformities: As RA progresses, joint deformities may develop, causing fingers to shift out of their normal alignment. 

Fatigue: RA can lead to chronic fatigue, impacting daily activities. 

Systemic symptoms: In some cases, RA can affect other body parts, leading to symptoms such as fever, weight loss, or dry eyes and mouth. 

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis of the hand 

While there is no cure for RA, various treatment options are available to manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease: 

Consult with an expert: An Accredited Hand Therapist is a physiotherapist or occupational therapist with expertise in the finger, hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder.

Medications: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce inflammation and pain. 

Rehabilitation exercises: An Accredited Hand Therapist will prescribe exercises to improve joint flexibility and strength and can suggest adaptive tools and techniques to make daily tasks easier. 

Orthoses: An orthoses or brace can provide support, relieve pain, and prevent further joint damage. 

Lifestyle adjustments: Rest, proper nutrition, regular exercise, and stress management techniques can all contribute to managing RA symptoms. 

Surgery: In severe cases, surgical interventions such as joint replacement may be necessary to correct deformities and restore function. 

Coping strategies for living with rheumatoid arthritis of the hand 

Living with rheumatoid arthritis can be challenging, but there are strategies to help you maintain your quality of life: 

Pain management: Work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a pain management plan tailored to your needs. 

Joint protection: Learn techniques to protect your finger joints during daily activities to minimise strain and reduce pain. 

Adaptive tools: Utilise adaptive tools and aids designed to make tasks easier, such as specialised utensils, jar openers, or button hooks. 

Rehabilitation exercises: Engage in rehabilitation exercises prescribed by your Accredited Hand Therapist to improve joint flexibility and strength. 

Diet and lifestyle: Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle, as obesity can exacerbate RA symptoms. Avoid smoking, which can worsen inflammation. 

Emotional support: Seek emotional support from friends, family, or support groups to help you cope with the emotional aspects of living with RA. 

Find a local Accredited Hand Therapist

Patients can find a local Accredited Hand Therapist on our website using the link below.

Find an Accredited Hand Therapist