Understanding Raynaud's disease 

Raynaud's disease is a condition that affects blood circulation in the extremities, primarily the fingers and toes. This disorder causes the blood vessels in these areas to narrow excessively, leading to reduced blood flow and episodes of discolouration, coldness, and numbness in the affected digits. 

Causes of Raynaud's disease 

The exact cause of Raynaud's disease is not fully understood.

SOME RISK FACTORS INCLUDE: 

Gender – more common in women than men 

Age – 15-30 years is common for symptoms of Primary Raynaud’s; 40+years is more likely for secondary Raynaud’s 

Living in a colder climate or more frequent exposure to cold environments – e.g. working in cold storage areas or even something simple like taking an item out of your freezer can trigger symptoms 

Associated conditions – Lupus, scleroderma and atherosclerosis (conditions that affect the arteries) 

Repetitive hand tasks – use of tools that vibrate; heavy, repetitive hand actions that cause trauma to the soft tissue; typing; playing instruments such as piano 

Use of certain medications that affect the blood vessels 

Smoking 

Carpal tunnel symptoms – hand can be more susceptible to cold temperatures.

There are two main types: 

Primary Raynaud's: This type, often called Raynaud's disease, occurs without an underlying medical condition. It is believed to be related to abnormal blood vessel responses to cold temperatures and emotional stress. 

Secondary Raynaud's: Also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, this type is typically associated with an underlying health issue, such as autoimmune disorders like lupus or scleroderma, or vascular diseases like atherosclerosis. 

Symptoms of Raynaud's Disease 

Raynaud's disease is characterised by episodes, or "attacks," that can vary in frequency and duration. Common symptoms include: 

Colour changes: The affected fingers or toes may turn white (lack of blood flow), then blue or purple (lack of oxygen), and finally red (return of blood flow) during an attack. 

Coldness and numbness: The digits may feel extremely cold and numb during an episode. 

Tingling or pain: Some individuals may experience tingling or throbbing pain as blood flow returns. 

Triggers: Attacks are often triggered by cold temperatures, emotional stress, or exposure to vibration (as in the case of using power tools). 

Management and treatment 

While there is no cure for Raynaud's disease, several management strategies can help alleviate symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks: 

Consult with an expert: An Accredited Hand Therapist is a physiotherapist or occupational therapist with expertise in the finger, hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder.

Avoid cold exposure: Dress warmly in cold weather, wear insulated gloves and socks, and use hand and foot warmers to maintain warmth in extremities. 

Stress management: Learn stress-reduction techniques such as relaxation exercises or meditation to minimise emotional triggers. 

Medications: In severe cases or secondary Raynaud's, medications may help dilate blood vessels and improve circulation. 

Biofeedback: Some individuals find biofeedback therapy helpful in learning to control their body's response to stress and cold. 

Quit smoking: Smoking can exacerbate Raynaud's symptoms. Quitting smoking is recommended. 

Living Well with Raynaud's Disease 

Living well with Raynaud's disease involves adjusting your daily routine and being proactive about managing symptoms: 

Stay informed: Educate yourself about Raynaud's disease, its triggers, and management techniques. 

Stay warm: Dress in layers, especially in cold weather. Keep gloves, hand warmers, and extra clothing on hand. 

Stay active: Regular physical activity can help improve circulation. 

Avoid caffeine and certain medications: Caffeine and some medications can exacerbate symptoms. Discuss with your healthcare provider if you have concerns. 

Regular follow-ups: Maintain regular follow-up appointments with your Accredited Hand Therapist to monitor your condition and discuss any changes in symptoms. 

Find a local Accredited Hand Therapist

Patients can find a local Accredited Hand Therapist on our website using the link below.

Find an Accredited Hand Therapist