Understanding thumb arthritis

Thumb Arthritis (1st Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis or 1st CMC OA), is a common condition that affects the base of the thumb, causing pain, stiffness, and reduced hand function. This condition can impact daily activities, making it essential to understand its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and strategies for management. 

Causes of thumb arthritis 

Thumb arthritis primarily results from the gradual deterioration of the joint at the base of the thumb. Several factors can contribute to the development of this condition: 

Ageing: As individuals age, the cartilage in the thumb joint may deteriorate, leading to arthritis. 

Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis can increase the risk of developing 1st CMC OA. 

Repetitive Use: Repeated thumb movements, especially those involving pinching and gripping, can accelerate joint degeneration. 

Symptoms of thumb arthritis 

Thumb arthritis presents with a range of symptoms that can vary in severity: 

Pain: Persistent pain at the base of the thumb, particularly during activities like gripping, pinching, or lifting. 

Stiffness: Reduced thumb mobility and difficulty with tasks that require fine motor skills. 

Weakness: Weakening of grip strength, impacting the ability to grasp objects firmly. 

Swelling: Swelling and tenderness at the base of the thumb. 

Diagnosis of thumb arthritis 

Consult with an expert: An Accredited Hand Therapist is a physiotherapist or occupational therapist with expertise in the finger, hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder.

Diagnosing thumb arthritis typically involves: 

Medical History: Your Accredited Hand Therapist will enquire about your symptoms, medical history, and any relevant activities or injuries. 

Physical Examination: A physical examination to assess pain, stiffness, and range of motion in the affected thumb. 

Imaging: X-rays or other imaging studies may be performed to evaluate the extent of joint damage and confirm the diagnosis. 

Treatment for thumb arthritis 

Consult with an expert: An Accredited Hand Therapist is a physiotherapist or occupational therapist with expertise in the finger, hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder.

The treatment approach for thumb arthritis aims to alleviate pain, improve thumb function, and enhance overall hand use. It may include: 

Conservative Measures: 

Splinting: Wearing a thumb orthosis or brace to immobilise the joint and reduce strain. 

Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatories can help manage pain and inflammation. 

Topical Treatments: Creams or gels containing anti-inflammatory medications can provide localised relief. 

Rehabilitation Exercises: Engage in exercises and stretches prescribed by your Accredited Hand Therapist to improve thumb mobility and strength. 

Corticosteroid Injections: Injections of corticosteroids into the joint can reduce pain and inflammation. 

Joint Protection Techniques: Learning and using joint protection techniques to minimise stress on the thumb during daily activities. 

Adaptive Aids: Using assistive devices and adaptive aids to make tasks easier and reduce strain on the thumb. 

Surgery:

In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgical options may include joint reconstruction or joint replacement. 

Management and prevention of thumb arthritis 

After treatment, managing and preventing the recurrence of 1st CMC OA is essential: 

Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and following recommendations for thumb-friendly techniques. 

Rehabilitation Exercises: Continue with exercises and stretches prescribed by your Accredited Hand Therapist to maintain thumb mobility and strength. 

Ergonomics: Maintaining proper hand and wrist positioning during activities to reduce strain on the thumb. 

Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle choices that promote joint health can help prevent further joint degeneration. 

Find a local Accredited Hand Therapist

Patients can find a local Accredited Hand Therapist on our website using the link below.

Find an Accredited Hand Therapist